Political Science Questions

US commander sent to destroy Spanish Warships in Manila Bay

arable soil, warm weather, costal ports, long growing season, inland plantation agriculture (Farming and plantations)

Cortes, Pizarro, Columbus, Onate, De Soto, Coronado, De Leon

Rocky soil, short growing season, good universities found here, 1st industrialized region, good for fishing

Who wrote the Open Door Policy for the United States

What poet, journalist launched the second revolution in Cuba?

What is the name of the unites states base in hawaii

What admiral urged the building up of the u.S navy in 1800

Where did the first battle in Spanish American war occur

Who wrote the letter calling president mickenly weak in the late 1800s

Who becomes a hero for the attack on sen tuck hill

What was the name of the unites states volunteeres cavalry unit in the Spanish American war

What Secretary of State arrange the purchase of Alaska

What United States commander destroyed Spanish fleet in Manila harbor

What was the name of the unites states ship that blew up in Havana Gabor 1898

principe de libre administration des collectivités territoriales=

Stanley and livingstone-David Livingstone was a European explorer and missionary who disappeared in africa-Henry Stanley was a journalist sent to find him-their books excited europeans who wanted to colonize Africa africa-the 2nd largest continent in the worldimportant features:-sahara desert-nile and congo rivers-vast rain forecasts Africa befor imperialism-in the 1800s African societies were organized differently that those in europe-thousands of cultural groups lived on the continent -each group had its own language and customsafrica's natural resources- gold and diamonds, ivory, rubber and palm oil and land for farming scramble for africa-in 1885 the Berlin conference was held to divide the continent -africa was partitioned by the European leaders-africans were not involved -traditonal tribal and ethnic boundaries were ignored Leopold II-ruled as king of belgium-took control of the Congo region in Africa after the Berlin conference -made it his personal colonyabuses in the Congo free state-kind Leopold II used the Congo free state to supplement his personal fortune-the Congolese were enslaved to gather resources, primarily rubber and ivory-entire villages were tortured if they failed to meet their quota-atrocities affected millions of people forces enabling imperialism -3 main factors enabled europeans to establish empires in africa: new technologies -advanced weaponry, transportation and communications -lack of African unity-tribal societies -diverse languages and customs -slave trade: weak African kingdoms zulu resistans -the Zulus successfully resisted british occupation in southern africa-led by Shaka a powerful Zulu chieftain-used advanced military tactics to defeat british forces -remained independent until 1879Menelik II-ruled Ethiopia the only nation to successfully resist European control-built up a a large arsenal of weapons-defeated Italy in the battle of adwaresistance was difficult for the zulu-european soldiers had firearms while the Zulu used spears and swords-europeans rulers did't recognize tribal groups such as the Zulu as modern nations Ethiopia remained independent -the Ethiopians had modern weapons-at the battle of adwa the Ethiopian army outnumbered the Italians by 7 to 1-european rulers signed treaties that recognized Ethiopia as a modernization nationcultural effect of imperialsim-christianity spread across the continent-many africans adopted European customs and learned European languages-european style education systems were created but in limited areaspolitical effects of imperialism -the partition of africa created artificial boundaries-this increased conflict between tribal groups-independent nations were unable to accommodate for ethnic, religious and cultural diversity -europeans held most positions in power and decision-making -imperialism created white minority rule-africans received little experience in self-government economic effects of imperialism -imperialism created unequal trade and economic development -riches and resources were export by force-plantations and mines were exclusively owned by europeans -manufacturing was prohibited -the labor force was exploited-investments were not made in technology, education, or infrastructure, unless related to exports 1879- the british defeated the Zulu 1885- the partiton of africa began1885-1908- Leopold II ruled the Congo 1896- ethiopia defeated Italy Add New NoteAdvanced

French imperialism-during the age of the new imperialism france built a new empire in africa and southeast asia-they believed that their culture was superior to others-they intended to westernize their colonies by assimilation france gradually established political and economic influence in vietnam1802- the French helped the Nguyen dynasty come to power1857- after the death of several missionaries france invaded vietnam1883- france conquered all of vietnamFrench Indochina -france expanded its territory in southeast asia in the 1900s it included:-vietnam-cambodia-laos-parts of siam (Thailand)the new imperialism in france-French leaders described their goal as a mission civilsatrice or civilizing mission-they believed that:-they had a duty to civilize indigenous people-france should regulate other countries trade and activities -cultures they considered inferior should be replacedFrench rule in southeast asia-france directly ruled vietnam and influenced its culture-filled government postions with French europeans-allowed native rulers to serve in figurehead role -granted rights to people who adopted French culture-encouraged people to convert to christianity effects of French colonial rule in vietnam-French rule had positive and negative consequences in vietnampositive effects: increased the wealth of wealthy Vietnamese people-modernized vietnam by building railroads, roads, and harbors-brought electricity negative effects: decreased the wealth of impoverished Vietnamese people-promoted French acculturation by pushing out ancient culture and customs-increased taxes on goods the end of French indochina-after world war II nationalists fought for independence -in 1954 france gave up its territories in indochina-vietnam remained in conflict until the 1970sforms of rule-colonizing countries used direct and indirect rule to control their empiresbritish in India -ruled directly over some provinces-indirectly influenced other provinces French in asia-ruled directly over territories -left figurehead rulers in placeJapan in korea-ruled indirectly by establishing a protectorate-ruled directly after annexing korea imperialist attitudesbritish in India: pursued the idea of the "white mans burden" -allowed some native cultures to continue French in Asia: established "civilizing mission"Japan in korea: established Japanese culture language and culture-each country emphasized its own culture in its colonies and territories-established schools-conducted official business in its own language rather than its native languages-encouraged or forced new traditions economic benefits-all 3 countries reaped benefits from their empires-natural resources -labor social classes and equality-all 3 empires created societies that-established clearer social classes -led to wealth for upper classes-led to poverty for lower classes -social equality was rare1857- French invasion of vietnam 1883- establishment of French rule in vietnam1954- end of French rule in Vietnam

Japan in 1850-the Tokuwaga shogunate ruled Japan for more than 200 years-created a stable society with a rigid class structure -built an agriculture-based economy-pursued isolation-fell behind europe and the west in technologycommander Matthew perry-was sent to Japan to establish diplomatic relations -carried a letter from US president Millard Fillmore the treaty of Kanazawa -the provisions of the treaty:-required Japan to help shipwrecked Americans -opened 2 ports for the US to use for trade-allowed the US to set up an embassy-encouraged further trade between Japan and the USThe Meiji restoration-new leaders wanted to modernize japan's government and society -these leaders:-appointed the emperor as head of the government-abolished feudalism and the samurai-created a constitutional monarchychanges in the Meiji era-emphasis on nationalism-encouraged growth of nationalism to win loyalty to the state-adopted a system of universal education -rapid industrialization -invested in factory construction-depended on imports from the west-military expansion-modernized the armed forces-wanted to limit western influence the modernization of japan's military-Japan rapidly adopted western military technologies and training methods-industries were built to make modern technology including weapons-Japan became the most powerful nation in Asia the Sino-japanese war-in the late 1800s china and Japan competed for influence in korea-the competition led to war-Japan defeated china easily winning territory in the regionchina- remained faithful to traditional values-avoided modernization-forced to grant concessions for foreigners both- had strong cultural traditions -forced to sign unequal treaties Japan- dedicated to modernization -borrowed and adapted western ideas-industrialized to strengthen its economy-became an empire russia and japan-many in the west were surprised at japan's easy victory in the Sino-japanese war-japan's success worried many especially russia-russia was determined to resume its control in the region and refused to negotiate with Japan the russo-japanese war-in 1904 Japan launched a surprise attack on the Russian city of port Arthur -Japan quickly gained the advantage over russia and then:-drove russian troops out of korea-destroyed the Russian baltic fleetthe treaty of Portsmouth -russia was forced to withdraw from Manchuria and korea increasing Japan's influence there-Japan kept some territories it gained in the war but was forced to give up others-both nations agreed to return Manchuria to chinaexpansion of the Japanese empire-after defeating russia Japan seized the Korean Peninsula -Japan made korea a protectorate in 1905-Japan forced korea to accept annexation in 1910Japanese imperial rule-after annexation the Japanese placed restrictions on Korean rights by-closing Korean newspapers and limiting free speech-assuming control of the education system-encouraging Japanese businessmen and farmers to relocate to korea 1853- commodore Perry arrived in japan1868- the meiji restoration1894-1895- the Sino Japanese war1905- end of the Russo

imperialism is one country's political, economic, and social domination of anotherold imperialism (1480- 1650)-sought gold, cash crops and trade goods -focused on the settlement and conquest of new territory -colonized the americas, Africa and Australia -founded colonies to benefit the home country New imperialism (1870-1914)-sought raw materials and new markets -focused on small settlements but extensive government control -colonized Africa and asia-founded colonies to benefit home country nationalism and imperialism-nationalism increased competition for power among the European states -patriotism fueled the desire for an empire-nations competed to create colonies-nations competed to build up their military powerindustrialization and imperialism -industrialization encouraged countries to build empires to help the growth of industry -greater need for resources-countries obtained raw materials from coloniesdesire for new markets-countries could sell their finished products overseasMilitarism and imperialism -imperial countries built large navies to protect their economic interests-military bases around the world were needed to resupply naval vessels-nations tried to control important waterwayscultural beliefs and imperialism -many Europeans believed that colonialism was justified because European culture was superior -social darwinism-many believed that -darwins principle of survival of the fittest applied to people as well-"inferior" cultures should not be protected white man's burden -many people believed that-other cultures were greatly inferior -westerners had a duty to civilize "inferior" culturesspreading culture-european culture included:-christianity-democratic governments-new inventions and technologies-european langauges-european styles of dressSpreading religion-missionries flocked to Asia and Africa to convert native peoples to christianity -religious leaders often tried to defend native peoples against injustices -missionaries sometimes forced native peoples to change their cultureRuling colonies-countries could rule large amounts of territory because of:-new communications technologies -improved transportation -advanced military weapons types of territorial colonialcolony- an imperial has political controlprotectorate- the territory is under the "protection" of an imperial powersphere of influence- an imperial power has dominate trading and investment comparing and contrasting forms of ruledirect rule-rule was by westerners without the influence of native peoples -colonizers created programs to force native cultures to change-colonies were considered extensions of the home country(germany)Indirect rule-rule was by westerners with native participation -there was some acceptance of native culture-colonies were considered to be seperate from the home country (great Britain)changes in culture-colonized countries adapted to new:-languages-forms of government-cultural practices Changing culture in japan-Japan transitioned to a culture and society that was more open to the world-Japan had been isolationist prior to the arrival of the Americans in 1853-over time it adopted western culture dress and industrycolonial resistance -colonies often faced poverty and inequality-many colonies openly resisted colonial rule by:-supporting violent military and guerrilla movements-creating nationalist parties and organizations resistance in india-nationalist leaders successfully campaigned for reforms and independence in India -reformers:-created political parties -led nonviolent protests -won independence in 19471600- the british east kinda company was founded1839- the first opium war was fought between Britain and china1860- the second industrial revolution began1870-1914- new imperialism 1914- world war I began