Stanley and livingstone-David Livingstone was a European explorer and missionary who disappeared in africa-Henry Stanley was a journalist sent to find him-their books excited europeans who wanted to colonize Africa africa-the 2nd largest continent in the worldimportant features:-sahara desert-nile and congo rivers-vast rain forecasts Africa befor imperialism-in the 1800s African societies were organized differently that those in europe-thousands of cultural groups lived on the continent -each group had its own language and customsafrica's natural resources- gold and diamonds, ivory, rubber and palm oil and land for farming scramble for africa-in 1885 the Berlin conference was held to divide the continent -africa was partitioned by the European leaders-africans were not involved -traditonal tribal and ethnic boundaries were ignored Leopold II-ruled as king of belgium-took control of the Congo region in Africa after the Berlin conference -made it his personal colonyabuses in the Congo free state-kind Leopold II used the Congo free state to supplement his personal fortune-the Congolese were enslaved to gather resources, primarily rubber and ivory-entire villages were tortured if they failed to meet their quota-atrocities affected millions of people forces enabling imperialism -3 main factors enabled europeans to establish empires in africa: new technologies -advanced weaponry, transportation and communications -lack of African unity-tribal societies -diverse languages and customs -slave trade: weak African kingdoms zulu resistans -the Zulus successfully resisted british occupation in southern africa-led by Shaka a powerful Zulu chieftain-used advanced military tactics to defeat british forces -remained independent until 1879Menelik II-ruled Ethiopia the only nation to successfully resist European control-built up a a large arsenal of weapons-defeated Italy in the battle of adwaresistance was difficult for the zulu-european soldiers had firearms while the Zulu used spears and swords-europeans rulers did't recognize tribal groups such as the Zulu as modern nations Ethiopia remained independent -the Ethiopians had modern weapons-at the battle of adwa the Ethiopian army outnumbered the Italians by 7 to 1-european rulers signed treaties that recognized Ethiopia as a modernization nationcultural effect of imperialsim-christianity spread across the continent-many africans adopted European customs and learned European languages-european style education systems were created but in limited areaspolitical effects of imperialism -the partition of africa created artificial boundaries-this increased conflict between tribal groups-independent nations were unable to accommodate for ethnic, religious and cultural diversity -europeans held most positions in power and decision-making -imperialism created white minority rule-africans received little experience in self-government economic effects of imperialism -imperialism created unequal trade and economic development -riches and resources were export by force-plantations and mines were exclusively owned by europeans -manufacturing was prohibited -the labor force was exploited-investments were not made in technology, education, or infrastructure, unless related to exports 1879- the british defeated the Zulu 1885- the partiton of africa began1885-1908- Leopold II ruled the Congo 1896- ethiopia defeated Italy Add New NoteAdvanced

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