Pathophysiology Questions
Explore questions in the Pathophysiology category that you can ask Spark.E!
Which stage of shock is characterized by compensatory responses becoming overwhelmed and signs/symptoms of organ dysfunction appearing?
Which type of excessive scarring is an exaggerated process that causes a wound deformity?
Fibrosis in organs (defect in tissue repair):- Excessive deposit of _____ and other ECM components in a tissue- A pathologic process usually associated with loss of tissue _____/organ dysfunction- Mechanisms: persistence/severe tissue injury --> _____ inflammation
Which type of excessive scarring has progression beyond the original area of injury?
Transudate or Exudate?- Protein-rich --> non-pitting edema
Edema or Effusion?- Accumulation of fluid in tissue
Hyperemia or Congestion?- Arteriolar dilation leads to increased blood flow
Antithrombotic properties of endothelium:- Anticoagulant effects: _____ binds thrombin --> inactivates _____ factors - Fibrinolytic effects: synthesizing _____
Arterial or Venous thrombosis?- Typically, due to Virchow's Triad in venous sinusoids of muscles and valves in veins - Ex. DVT and PE
Hyperemia or Congestion?- Reduced outflow of blood from a tissue
Arterial or Venous thrombosis?- Typically, from atherosclerotic plaque rupture in left heart chambers or arteries - Ex. MI, Ischemic stroke
Edema or Effusion?- Accumulation of fluid in body cavities
Leukocytes-mediated tissue injury in acute inflammation:- As part of normal tissue defense against infectious pathogens --> _____ _____ to nearby tissues - _____ inflammatory response against host tissues --> _____ disorders - Hyper-reaction of host against _____ factors
Metastatic calcification:- Occurs in normal tissues with _____ - Elevated _____ hormone - Bone _____, due to the effects of accelerated turnover (Paget disease) or malignancies (multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma) - _____ _____-related disorders - _____ failure, phosphate retention (calcium phosphate) --> Secondary hyperparathyroidism (elevated parathyroid hormone)
Intracellular accumulation 4 pathways:1. Abnormal _____: results in accumulation of a normal substance (fatty liver hypercholesterolemia)2. _____: cause alterations in protein folding and transport defective molecules accumulate intracellularly (cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer's, prion's disease)3. Deficiency of _____: responsible for breaking down certain compounds, causing substrates to accumulate in lysosomes, as in lysosomal storage diseases (glycogen-storage diseases, lipid-storage diseases)4. Inability to _____: phagocytized particles, as in carbon pigment accumulation (pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, silicosis)
Which type of excessive scarring blocks reepithelization?
Complement system:- Collection of _____ _____- Functions: _____ and _____, _____, cell lysis by forming _____ _____ _____ (MAC)
Which type of excessive scarring has excessive collagen accumulation that forms a raised hypertrophic scar?
Acute phase reactants (APR) - Proteins made in the _____, their serum concentrations increase in inflammation and tissue injury - Involves both _____ and _____ inflammatory states - Infection, trauma, infarction, systemic autoimmune, inflammatory diseases and neoplasms
Which term refers to physiologic or pathologic depositions of calcium?