Medicine Perguntas

T - F Fat droplets are never normal.

T - F Herbivores typically have alkaline urine.

A speckled reaction on the blood reagent pad indicates ____________________

T - F All crystals are pH dependent

A patient asks the nurse why a lower dose of IV pain medication is being given than the previous oral dose. What is the nurse's best response to the patient? A) "A large percentage of an intravenously administered drug is metabolized into inactive metabolites in the liver."B) "Medications given intravenously are not affected by the first-pass effect."C) "Drugs administered intravenously enter the portal system before systemic distribution."D) "Medications given orally bypass the portal circulatory system."

The nurse understands that drugs exert their actions on the body by what process? (Select all that apply.)A) Inhibiting the action of a specific enzymeB) Making the cell perform a new functionC) Altering metabolic chemical processesD) Interacting with receptors

A drug given by which route is altered by the first-pass effect? A) SublingualB) Intravenous (IV)C) OralD) Subcutaneous (subcut)

The nurse knows that which factors will affect the absorption of orally administered medications? (Select all that apply.)A) Presence of food in the stomachB) Time of daypH of the stomachC) Form of drug preparationD) Patient in high-Fowler's position

Which nursing action will increase the absorption of a medication administered intramuscularly (IM)? A) Administer the medication via the Z-track method.B) Apply ice packs to the injection site.C) Lower the extremity below the level of the heart.D) Massage the site after injection.

What is another term for biotransformation of a drug? A) ExcretionB) AbsorptionC) MetabolismD) Dilution

What is the ratio between a drug's therapeutic effects and toxic effects called? A) Therapeutic indexB) ToleranceC) Cumulative effectD) Affinity

To achieve the most rapid onset of action, the health care provider will prescribe the medication to be administered by which route? A) IMB) IVC) SubcutD) Intrathecally

When administering two medications that are highly protein bound, the nurse understands to monitor the patient carefully for which effect? A) Increase in the risk of drug-drug interactionsB) Hypovolemic shock caused by a low albumin levelC) Immediate improvement in the patient's conditionD) A short duration of medication action

What is the study of physiochemical properties of drugs and how they influence the body called? A) PharmacokineticsB) PharmacotherapeuticsC) PharmacologyD) Pharmacodynamics

Drug half-life is defined as the amount of time required for 50% of a drug to: A) be absorbed by the body.B) exert a response.C) be eliminated by the body.D) reach a therapeutic level.

Patients with renal failure would MOST likely have problems with which pharmacokinetic process? A) AbsorptionB) MetabolismC) DistributionD) Excretion

Which statement best describes pharmacokinetics? A) Physiologic interaction between a drug and body cellsB) Adverse effects and toxic reactions to medicationsC) What the body does to the drug after it is administeredD) Converts medication into its active chemical substance

rhabdomyolysis is a major medical condition, that can be fatal, resulting from "damaged ____________ tissue releasing its ______________ and e______________________ into the bloodstream damaging the heart or kidneys"

what is a common adverse effect of nitroglycerin?

taking a statin with gemfibrozil increases the client's risk for