Zoology Perguntas

= tooth's _____ ____, distinguishing what primates use their teeth to eat most of the time versus what they rely on their teeth to do during critical times of food scarcity

Central American Squirrel monkey, Costa Rica:Female-biased dispersal (not female bonded)Low rates of competition over fruit (food is quickly depleted)

high quality foods are seasonally scarce?_____ into smaller feeding parties to reduce competition at scarce patches (e.g., _____ and _____)

Black-capped squirrel monkey, Peru:Male-biased dispersal (female bonded)High rates of contest competition over fruit

Non-female bonded primates = Evenly distributed foods (Low WGC & BGC)Indifferent to females whether they stay togetherAttract multiple females alone or with male kin or alliesMales unite for ________ (gorillas and howler monkeys)

Female orangutans, chimpanzees, spider monkeys, and muriquis = maintain fluid association because there are not enough _____ ___ to make cooperative defense economical

Males are dispersing, joining female kin groups (_____ from a male point of view)

evenly distributed, abundant foods → dependent on how much food there issame priority of access with the same gain rate

Non-female bonded primates; Small fruit patches (WGC>BGC)Females want to avoid ____, so they split upMales can either join 1 female (monogamy) or cooperate with male kinSocial organization = Resource defense; pair-bond, or ____

patchy foods, winner is more dominant/aggressive → decline of priority of access with increasing gain rate→ you want to be a dominant female in this context

put on lots of weight in high quality food environments

Small fruit patches (WGC>BGC) → _____ ___Evenly distributed foods (Low WGC & BGC) → _____ ____

consumption of earth= neutralized toxic compounds

high quality foods are seasonally scarce?Switch diet to lower quality, but more abundant fallback foods (e.g., ____ ____ primates)

Fast energyBest sources are ripe fruit, gums and unripe fruit are also good but provide less sugar

Day range relative to home range determines whether an area can be

EFFECT OF FOOD ON FEMALES:Growth diets = high quality, preferred dietsSubsistence diets = for survival, but not for growingAdvantageous for females to stay together in high quality food patches (_________)

Matrilocal:Remain with _____ _______ groupsDifferentiated relationships=________ or ___ maleSwitching ____ instead of groups patterns

rely heavily on leaves, rapid suspensory mode of locomotion permits them to minimize travel time between widely dispersed fruit patches = resemble nonobligatory facultative folivores, but resemble frugivores more closely

can get in the way, have to break it down