Zoology Questions

_____ are responsible for initial establishment and maintenance of animal tissues, organs, and systems. The animal version of meristematic tissue. There are three: ____

___ is branch of animal evolution, but ___ is the main branch

____ skeleton is make of spicules secreted by amoeboid cells

___ is the term that refers to the 15-25 million species currently in living

Parazoans have "poorly defined ___"-ie. they lack ___

The era _____ directly means "ancient animal"

There are four classes of sponges in phylum Porifera:Class ____ --- calcium carbonate

Zygote to Gastrula:Zygote --> ____ cell stage --> ____ (solid) ---> ____ (hollow) --> (gastrulation) Gastrula

Mesoderm and Coelom Formation: (two methods)_____: describes when a coelom is formed by the splitting of the mesodermal layer between the ectoderm and endoderm -Masses of mesoderm form in the blastocoel near the blastopore then internal splits in these masses create cavities entirely lined by mesoderm (splits to form the opening)

Membrane linings:____ membrane lines the organ directly____ membrane lines the chamber wall____ is where the two linings combine

In the early stages of embryological development, the _____ is a continuous cavity along the entire length of the trunk divided into right and left halves by the dorsal and ventral ____.In the adult vertebrate, the coelom is divided into two or more cavities. How the coelom is further subdivided varies depending upon the taxa being considered.

In humans and other similar vertebrates, the coelom is divided into three areas:-the ____ (____) cavity that surrounds all other viscera-the ____ cavity that surrounds the heart-the ____ cavity that surrounds the lungsIn some other vertebrates (like fish), the coelom is divided into two areas:-the ____ cavity that surrounds all other viscera-the ___ cavity that surrounds the heart

_____ is the large opening in a sponge that water is expelled from

Mesoderm and Coelom Formation: (two methods)____: describes when a coelom is formed by the pinching off a portion of the endoderm that develops into the mesoderm-Portions of the archenteron, which are endodermally derived, form outpockets that eventually separate from the gut to form mesoderm with cavities entirely lined by mesoderm

Sponges reproduction: Asexual*can occur when ____ are present*Asexual reproduction via:-____-____: when sponge pieces break off-___: occur in fresh water (amoebocytes are surrounded by ____ and this allows greater water retention in the dry season

_____ have the first opening (blastopore) becomes the anus and they exhibit radial cleavage (ie. humans)

General Sponge Morphology--Three body plans: ____, _____, and _____ -- these increase surface area for increased filtration

Sponges can also reproduce sexually. They are _____, meaning a single organism can represent both male and females. Another name for this is ___

____ undergo filter-feeding by creating a water current with their flagella

Cleavage Summary:1. ___: the egg is fertilized and mitosis will begin2. ___: the number of cells will continue to double via mitosis3. ____: the solid ball of cells that will eventually hollow out4. ____: a hollow ball of about 100 cells5. ____: phase in early development where the single layer blastula is reorganized into a multi-layer structure6. ____: complete formation of ectoderm, endoderm, blastopore and archenteron