Western Civilization Questions
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During the war, in which fighting ranged across the Austrian Habsburg lands, Prussia gained the formerly Austrian province of Silesia. Meanwhile, Prince Charles Edward Stuart took advantage of the conflict to march his..., before a retreat and final defeat at Culloden.
Diderot and d'Alembert published their Encyclopaedia
In 1775 a rise in... in France, caused in part by bad harvests, led to a massive series of rural riots called the "flour war." As in earlier riots, women often took the lead
It involved a more sustained and well-informed curiosity about the non-European world. Its most important works-including Rousseau's-drew extensively on travel literature, early forms of anthropological observation, and historical works about
Rousseau publishes 'The Social Contract and Emile
Britain came into the war on the Austrian side, which gave the...(exiled since the Glorious Revolution of1688) one last chance to regain its supposed birthright. In 1745, the dashing, French-backed grandson of the deposed James II, Charles Edward Stuart (known as "..." 1720-1788), landed in Scotland, rallied an army, and marched to within 120 miles of London.
Over the next twenty-nine years, Rousseau (1712-1778) would build on this success to become one of the most famous writers in Europe, and a figure widely credited with...
Montesquieu publishes "Spirit of the Laws"
The War of the Austrian Succession began in 1740 when Holy Roman Emperor... of Austria (r. 1711-1740) died without a male heir and France, Prussia, and other German states challenged the right of his daughter,...
The Enlightenment followed naturally from the intellectual ruptures of the years
John Wilkies challenges British government
Handel's Music for the Royal Fireworks performed at Vauxhall Gardens
Prussia, under its vigorous new king, Frederick II (r. 1740-1786), seized the... The event marked Prussia's emergence as a major power and left Austria eager for revenge.
Charles Edward Stuart invades Scotland
The most famous European natural disaster of the mid-eighteenth century was a great earthquake that destroyed ...and may have killed as many as 90,000 people there.
This technological and economic change in turn helped drive the development of what we would now call...
Physiocrats advocate economic reform in France
Byron in the House of Lords: took liberal positions, defending weavers who had destroyed new factory machines (...) After 1816: Switzerland, Venice, and Pisa, often with ...1823: organized an expedition to fight for the independence of ...from the Ottoman empire. 1824: died from ... in Greece at age 36.
Byron criticized Wordsworth and Coleridge, describing their work as ....
In his Ode to the West Wind, Shelley uses an ...1. The poet as prophet or seer, declaring the future of humanity.typical image of Romantic poetry, the wind harp (Aeolian lyre): >> the poet is like a harp blown on by the wind of spirit (or inspiration)>> the west wind, with its power of destruction and regeneration, will speak in the poem and make the poet a prophet.