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Proposés par Giscard (1974-1981), l'objectif est de remplacer au moins partiellement le dollar en créant une nouvelle liquidité internationale. Les États-Unis ont toujours refusé que ce nouvel actif soit fondé sur l'or et que celui-ci remplace le rôle du dollar, pour garder l'avantage énorme de ne pas avoir à se soucier de leurs taux de change (aussi bien à l'époque de Kennedy, que Johnson qui ont toujours été attachés à l'intangibilité de la convertibilité du dollar en or)

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