Immunology Questions
Explore questions in the Immunology category that you can ask Spark.E!
The characteristic function and properties of each class of antibody is determined by the
Macrophages and neutrophils are both phagocytic cells. Macrophages reside in the tissues while neutrophils typically circulate in the blood.
innate lymphoid cells -- a group of lymphocytes that have increased specificity in their mechanism of antigen recognition (example: natural killer cells)
Fever prevents microbes with lower optimum temperatures from growing, giving the immune system time to eliminate those cells.
It provides a general response to broad categories of molecules/cells that should NOT be in our system, as we don't have these molecules on our own cells.
CSF will help to stimulate the production of new lymphocytes-the very cells that are infected and depleted during an HIV infection. This may help to keep the patients' immune responses "normal" for a longer period of time before they succumb to full-blown AIDS.
Yes-when the interferon acts on a virally infected cell, it shuts down protein production (which shuts down virus replication). Without interferon, virus will kill the cell eventually, but only after it has replicated many times over. Interferons may kill the host cell, but they will also prevent it from being used to replicate virus.
indicates infection by an RNA virus other than a retrovirus AND induces synthesis of interferon.
each recognize a specific "danger" molecule AND are embedded in cellular membranes.
Some pathogens hijack the host's regulatory membrane proteins that inactivate C3b, preventing the triggering of the alternative activation pathway AND some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that destroys complement C5a, a chemoattractant that recruits phagocytes to the area of infection.
TLRs allow cells to detect patterns associated with microbes, indicating that the innate immune responses involve some specifically (although not the specificity of the adaptive immunity)
Within a phagolysosome, O2 consumption decreases dramatically, allowing an enzyme to produce reactive oxygen species which are toxic.
inhibits bacterial growth AND speeds up the body's reactions.
die because it is damaged and, as a result, cause an inflammatory response.
are the first line of innate immunity, act as physical barriers to infection, AND contain antimicrobial secretions.
Engulfment/destruction of foreign cells AND alerting the other cells of the immune system to an invader
may be activated through three pathways, disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane of invading bacteria and foreign cells, AND is a group of blood proteins.
are the organisms that typically reside on and in your body AND protect against infection by pathogens.
They are secreted by one cell type. They then bind to a receptor on target cell causing a signal within that cell that turns on (or off) certain genes to achieve a response.
(all correct)-is required by microorganisms.-binds to lactoferrin.-is necessary for the functioning of some enzymes.