became czar in 1894 and continued the tradition of Russian autocracy Under his rule, Russia industrialized and changed the face of the economy (factories more than doubled, but their economy lagged behind the industrial nations of Western Europe) His most capable minister launched a program to move the country forward. To finance the buildup of Russian industries, the government sought foreign investors and raised taxes. These steps boosted the growth of heavy industry, particularly steel and in the 1900, Russia had become the world's fourth ranking producer of steel Under his rule, the Trans-Siberian Railway (the world's longest continuous rail line) began to be constructed (1891-1916) connecting European Russia in the west with Russian ports on the Pacific Ocean in the east Under his rule, the Russo-Japanese war took place. They competed for control of Korea and Manchuria. Even though the two nations signed a series of agreements, Russia broke them, and Japan retaliated by attacking the Russians at Port Arthur, Manchuria in 1904. Russia lost which sparked unrest at home and led to a revolt in the midst of the war On Bloody Sunday, he order his generals and soldier to fire on the crowd with more than 1000 wounded and several hundred dead Waves of strike and violence came after Bloody Sunday causing him to promise more freedom and approve the creation of the Duma (Russia first parliament) . They wanted to make a constitutional monarchy causing him to dissolve the Duma because he didnt want to share powerIn 1914, he brought Russia into WW1 even though they were unprepared to handle the military and economic costs. They were no match for Germany and their gunsAfter so many defeats and a year of war, over 4 million Russian soldiers had been killed, wounded, or taken prisoner. This revealed the weakness of czarist rule and military leadership In 1915, he moved his headquarters to the war front leaving his wife in control, which ended in Rasputin running the empire for a while before he was killed Soldiers began to desert and everyone wanting to end war making Nicholas incapable of tackling the problem In march of 1917, strikes took place making him abdicate his throne. A year later, him and his family were executed by revolutionaries

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