Biology Questions

When an unselected or possibly disadvantageous allele changes in frequency because of it's degree of linkage disequilibrium with another allele that is under selection, it is called:Select one:a. Artificial selectionb. Genetic hitchhikingc. Natural selectiond. Background selection

Linkage disequilibrium, or the statistical association between alleles at two loci, can arise due to both the physical distance between two loci on a chromosome and genetic drift.Select one:TrueFalse

Eukaryotic genome size is:Select one:a. tightly correlated with organismal complexity.b. not well correlated with organismal complexity.c. typically smaller than prokaryotic genome size. d. approximately the same in all eukaryotes.

Imagine an island archipelago where all of the islands are founded by individuals heterozygous at a particular locus. If there is no migration or mutation, and the alleles at that locus are neutral, what do you expect the island populations to look like after many generations?Select one:a. The populations on every island will have fixed the same alleleb. Some island populations will have fixed one allele, and other populations will have fixed the other allelec. The island populations will have high levels of genetic diversity at this locus.d. We cannot predict any outcome because genetic drift is a random process

Which of the following is not one of the Hardy-Weinberg model assumptions? Select one:a. There is migration into or out of the populationb. Mutation is not occurringc. Natural selection is not operating on the trait or traits at the locus in questiond. Mating is randome. Population is effectively infinite in size

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is effectively a null model - meaning that it tells us what we can expect when natural selection (and other drivers of evolutionary change) are not operating.Select one:TrueFalse

Consider a locus with only two alleles, A and a, in a population of diploid individuals. If the frequencies of A and a in the population are p and q, respectively, then p + q =Select one:a. 0.5b. p*pc. 1.0d. 2.0

Viral genomes:Select one:a. consist only of RNA.b. are always found as a single circular chromosome.c. may consist of DNA or RNA.d. consist only of DNA.

The C-value paradox is:Select one:a. unresolved due to the presence of noncoding DNA.b. the strong correlation between genome size and organismal complexity.c. resolved by the discovery of linkage disequilibrium.d. the lack of correlation between genome size and organismal complexity.

Different parts of the genome evolve at different speeds (or "rates").Select one:TrueFalse

Genetic drift is best described as:Select one:a. A random processb. A non-random processc. A finite processd. A selective process

We will talk about this more in class, but pigeons have a gene, EphB2, that controls head crest feather development. A recessive allele at this locus reverses the feathers on their head crests and basically makes them look like they have a huge cowlick. There are 100,000 pigeons in the population; 1,000 pigeons are heterozygous for the recessive trait; and 1,674 pigeons have reversed head-crest feathers. If we call the dominant allele A1 and the recessive allele A2, which of the following is closest to the frequency of the A2 allele?Select one:a. 0.973b. 0.978c. 0.017d. 0.022

A population bottleneck occurs when a small number of individuals from a large population colonize a new area.Select one:TrueFalse

The law of segregation states that the allele passed down to the next generation at one locus is independent of which allele is passed down to the next generation at another locus.Select one:TrueFalse

The codon triplet ACC codes for the amino acid:Select one:a. Cysteineb. Argininec. Leucined. Threonine

When is a human in utero called a fetus

Who introduced the most fundamental form of classification?

What do the first & second names represent in binomial nomenclature?

The frequency of alleles in a population can be represented by

the recessive allele frequency is represented by