Biology Questions

The letters A-D represent 4 different extant (living) species in this phylogenetic tree.Order the species according to how long its lineage has evolved from their shared common ancestor, from least time to most time.

Which of these statements is correct?evolution is a random process because mutation is a random processalthough mutation is random, evolution is directed by natural selectionnatural selection directs evolution by increasing the frequency or speed at which favorable mutations occurpopulations acquire favorable mutations in anticipation of future environmental changes, like antibioticsall of these are correct

Variation for traits within a population is a prerequisite for evolution becauseoffspring that look like their parents do so because they share genes for those traits.variation prevents mutations from arising, which might be detrimental to the offspring.selective agents act on traits, differentially removing or retaining individuals with certain trait values.otherwise all offspring would have traits values that were the averages of their parents values.

Inbreeding can cause increased homozygosity in the population. Which of the following would also likely result in increase homozygosity?

True or False: Speciation always occurs in allopatry because there's no mechanisms for two species to evolve in sympatry.

Selection that results in a shift in the population toward one extreme phenotype is best described as

The above image shows the generally accepted phylogenetic tree of life. Archaea and Bacteria are both prokaryotic forms of life. Is the term "prokaryote" monophyletic or paraphyletic?a. Monophyleticb. Paraphyletic

On a species level, mass extinctions function most analogously to:

Suppose that we have a scrub desert with light colored sand, and numerous patches of dark-colored rocks. Mice with two copies of a dark fur color allele are dark-colored and blend well with dark-colored rocks. Mice with two copies of a light color allele are light-colored and blend well with the sand. Mice with one copy of each (heterozygotes) are a brown color that does not blend well with either the sand or the dark-colored rocks. As a result, the brown mice are more susceptible to predators. Which type of selection is most likely to operate in this situation?

Which of the following would allow an alien surveying our planet from afar to infer with a high degree of certainty that life is not only possible but actually exists on Earth?

Put these events in Earth history in order. Oldest < second oldest < youngest:production of oxygen by photosynthetic organismsorigin of eukaryotic cellsearliest evidence for life on Earthappearance of first tetrapods on land surfacesCambrian "explosion"

Five populations A-E of damselflies are located along a river bank. The species has two genetically determined and heritable morphs, light and dark, with ratios indicated in the pie diagrams above. • The upstream populations C, D, and E are situated on black rock, while the downstream populations A and B live on white sand. • Bird predators use visual cues to detect the damselflies.• Damselflies who attempt to leave their habitat can migrate 1 km with 90% success and up to 5 km with 1% success. No damselflies have been observed migrating further than 10 km.• All five populations are large in size with approximately the same numbers of individuals.Which evolutionary mechanism can best explain why light morphs are more abundant than dark morphs in Population A in the presence of bird predators?

Which of the following organisms appeared first in the fossil record?

Mammals in Australia are called marsupials, and diverged from the placental mammals very early in mammalian evolution. Australian sugar gliders and North American flying squirrels (see picture) have membranes of skin between their forelimbs and hindlimbs that allow them to glide between tree branches. Are their membranes homologous or analogous?

Which of the following factors will tend to increase the likelihood of an adaptive radiation event?

Selection that results in elimination of extreme phenotypes and enrichment for the 'average' phenotype in the population is best described as:

The majority of oxygen that exists in our atmosphere came from

The Earth's climate for the past 10,000 years (the period of recorded human history), has been ____

Species are going extinct, but no new species are forming on Earth

If you observed that a human population living in the presence of malaria was NOT in HWE for sickle cell trait, this population COULD be experiencing: