Biological Chemistry Questions

In a phospholipid bilayer, the ________ regions of the phospholipids face water and the ______ regions face the interior of the membrane away from water.

Long polymers made of monosaccharides that have been linked through dehydration reactions are called _________

Which group of biomolecules is the most efficient for storing energy?1. Monosaccharides2. Nucleic acids3. Fats and oils4. Polysaccharides5. Proteins

The main chemical characteristic that lipids share is that they are _________ in water.

Information is stored in DNA by varying the ______________ of the four types of nitrogenous bases in each strand.

What is the function of chaperone proteins?1. They transport nucleic acids into and out of the nucleus.2. They help other proteins fold correctly.3. They transport proteins into and out of the cell.4. They transport proteins from one part of the cell to another.5. They function as receptors for chemical messengers.

Match terms:primarysecondarytertiaryquaternaryA. the overall 3-D shape of each polypeptideB. repetitive folding patterns such as alpha helix and beta pleated sheetC. how two or more polypeptides interact to form a proteinD. the linear sequence of amino acids

Which describes denatured proteins?A. They are usually active, but are less active than the normally folded protein.B. They usually have the same level of activity as the normally folded protein.C. They are usually inactive.D. They are usually more active than the normally folded protein.

A fatty acid that has double bonds between one or more pairs of successive carbon atoms is said to be ___________.

Adenine pairs with _______ and guanine pairs with _________.

Match each interaction that can potentially contribute to a protein's shape with the phrase that best describes it.disulfide bridgeionic bondvan der Waals attractionhydrophobic exclusionA. formation of a covalent bond between 2 cysteine side chainsB. formation of a bond between groups with opposite chargeC. weak attraction between atoms due to oppositely polarized electron cloudsD. hydrophobic portions of the protein gather in the interior of the protein

What is the primary structure of a protein?A. The amino acid sequence of the polypeptides.B. All secondary folding in the polypeptides caused by interactions between the amino acid side chains.C. The relative frequency of different amino acids in the polypeptides.D. The interactions between amino acids that cause folding of the polypeptides.E. The sequences of secondary structural elements in the polypeptides.

What are the building blocks of proteins?A. Amino acidsB. Carboxylic acidsC. Nucleotides

Which of the following determines the function of a protein molecule?A. The kinds of amino acids in the molecule, regardless of their precise sequences.B. Its shape.C. The number of amino acids in it.D. The first and the last amino acids in the protein molecule.

Select all that apply:Compared to an unsaturated fat, a saturated fat with the same number of carbon atoms will have which of the following?A. A higher melting pointB. More double bondsC. More hydrogen atoms

Two strands of DNA are bound together by _________ bonds and then wrapped around a common axis to form a double helix.

Which of the following is an accurate description of a triglyceride?1. Three glycerol molecules joined to one fatty acid2. A hydrocarbon chain bound to 3 carboxyl groups3. One glycerol molecule joined to three fatty acids3. A three-carbon chain where each carbon is bound to a hydroxyl group

The two classes of nucleic acids are ______ and ______.

Select all that apply:Which of the following are common steroids?A. TestosteroneB. PhospholipidsC. EstrogenD. TriglyceridesE. Cholesterol

Phospholipids always contain a ________ backbone to which three other groups/molecules are attached: one __________ group which is charged, and two long fatty acid chains, which are nonpolar.